Learning by doing: Reading books and trying to understand the (code) examples
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#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void displayArray(int arr[], size_t size);
void displayArrayPtr(int *arr, size_t size);
int safeCompare(const void *a, const void *b, size_t asize, size_t bsize);
int valid(void *p);
void displayArray(int arr[], size_t size) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
// both variants are possible
printf("%d\n", arr[i]);
//printf("%d\n", *(arr + i));
}
}
void displayArrayPtr(int *arr, size_t size) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
// both variants are possible
printf("%d\n", *(arr + i));
//printf("%d\n", arr[i]);
}
}
int safeCompare(const void *a, const void *b, size_t asize, size_t bsize) {
if (asize != bsize) {
return -1;
}
int value = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < asize; i++) {
//value |= a[i] ^ b[i];
value |= ((char*) a)[i] ^ ((char*) b)[i];
}
return value;
}
int main(void) {
int vector[5] = {1,2,3,4,5};
printf("length of vector: %zu\n", sizeof(vector)/sizeof(int));
int matrix[2][3] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}};
for (size_t index = 0; index < 2; index++) {
printf("&matrix[%zu]: %p sizeof(matrix[%zu]): %zu\n",
index, &matrix[index], index, sizeof(matrix[index]));
}
// pointer notation and arrays
{
int *pv = vector;
int value = 3;
for (size_t index = 0; index < sizeof(vector)/sizeof(int); index++) {
// all following operations are equivalent
*pv++ *= value;
//pv[index] *= value;
//*(pv + index) *= value;
//vector[index] *= value;
}
for (size_t index = 0; index < sizeof(vector)/sizeof(int); index++) {
printf("vector[%zu]: %d\n", index, vector[index]);
}
}
// using malloc to create a one-dimensional array
{
int *pv = malloc(5 * sizeof(*pv));
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
pv[i] = i + 1;
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
*(pv + i) = i + 1;
}
for(size_t index = 0; index < 5; index++) {
printf("pv[%zu]: %d\n", index, pv[index]);
}
}
// passing array to function using array notation
displayArray(vector, sizeof(vector)/sizeof(int));
// passing array to function using pointer notation
displayArrayPtr(vector, sizeof(vector)/sizeof(int));
// using a one-dimensional array of pointers
{
int *arr[5];
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
// both variants are equivalent
arr[i] = malloc(sizeof(arr[i]));
*arr[i] = i;
//arr[i][0] = i;
//*(arr + i) = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int));
//**(arr + i) = i;
printf("%d\n", **(arr + i));
}
}
// pointers and multidimensional arrays
{
// declare a 2-dimensional array
int matrix[2][5] = {{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}};
for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
printf("matrix[%zu][%zu] Address: %p Value %d\n", i, j, &matrix[i][j], matrix[i][j]);
}
}
// declare a pointer to a 2-dimensional array
int (*pmatrix)[5] = matrix;
// 1st row
printf("%p\n", matrix);
// 2nd row
printf("%p\n", matrix + 1);
// size of 1st row
printf("sizeof(matrix[0]): %zu\n", sizeof(matrix[0]));
// access 2nd element
printf("%p %d\n", matrix[0] + 1, *(matrix[0] + 1));
}
// test safeCompare function
{
// test with char parameters
char a[] = "wurst";
char b[] = "wurst";
if(safeCompare(a, b, sizeof(a), sizeof(b))) {
printf("%s ungleich %s\n", a, b);
} else {
printf("%s gleich %s\n", a, b);
}
// test with int parameters
int bla[] = {0,1,2,3,4};
int bli[] = {0,1,2,3,4};
if(safeCompare(bla, bli, sizeof(bla), sizeof(bli))) {
printf("%s ungleich %s\n", "bla", "bli");
} else {
printf("%s gleich %s\n", "bla", "bli");
}
}
return 0;
}